Radio vision transmitting, recording, and reproducing apparatus and method



Filed May 22, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet l 3 E Z fl' m l 7 7' A I AP -m1111-fi/V w fl 3-m- E- 4 -1II[I[[- mmmm -IIIIIII' HIIIIIIIIII mumm "mum y1942- K. R. HCDYT 3 3 RADIO VISION TRANSMITTING RECORDING ANDREPRODUCING APPARATUS AND METHOD v-e. ind

/7z vezzor,

July 14, 1942. R. HOYT 2,289,427 RADIO VISION TRANSMIT'I'ING RECORDINGAND REPRODUO' ING APPARATUS AND METHOD Filed May 22, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet2 July 14, 1942.

RADIO VISION TRANSMITTING RECORDING AND REPRODUCING APPARATUS AND METHODK. R. HOYT Filed May 22, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet I5 July 14, l942.- K. R.HOYT 2,289,427

RADIO VISIONTRANSMITTING RECORDING AND REPRODUCING APPARATUS AND METHODF iled May 22, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Flo .23V .34 cm; 40

July 14, 1942.

K. R. HOYT RADIO VIISION TRANSMITTING RECORDING AND REPRODUQING'APPARATUS AND METHOD I Filed May 22, 1940 5 sheets sheet 5 Patented July14, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RADIO VISION TRANSMITTING, RECORD-ING, AND REPRODUCING APPARATUS AND METHOD ration of CaliforniaApplication May 22, 1940, Serial No. 336,617

7 Claims.

This invention is a method and apparatus for the conversion of anobjective field, of a translucent nature, into a train of electricalimpulses (from a suitable generative source) which may be transmitted byany suitable carrier, as by radio currents, or by line conductor, or bylight waves or other suitable and appropriate medium, and which impulsesare individually determined by virtue of the density, in relation tolight transmitting capacity, and which impulses are adapted forutilization to obtain various products or results, such, for instance,as the making of impulse records for purpose of reproduction of theoriginal impulses, or may be used to excite electrical receivers wherebyto translate the incoming impulses into a desired product, such as aphysical picture element or a projected, screen picture; either still ormotion. a

The invention is, further, a method and apparatus for the utilization ofthe electric impulses just described and includes the combination of asuitable recording medium in one adaptation of the invention, forpreserving, reproducibly, the received impulses, and on the other handincludes the combination of means directly receiving the impulses andimmediately applying them to a given purpose such as the reproduction,photographically. of the original, objective field whence the impulseswere derived- Stated otherwise, the invention is a method and means forproducing electric impulses by. the sweeping (or if preferred, scanning)with a light pencil a given objective field of a physical characterenabling the pencil to partly pass through in intensities controlleddirectly and only by the degree of translucency of the various portionsof the field swept by the pencil.

The word scanning where used herein is not in the sense of viewing theobjective field to see its reflected or original light for anyfunctional purpose, but in this method a pencil of light is shot to and.swept from point to point over the field with the intent of penetratingthe medium or in which the given field is extant. That is, the field isswept by progressive steps of the light pencil illuminated area from astarting point to a finish point. I i

It will be seen that at each spot on a translucent object field, whichfor brevity will be called a picture, the amount of light whichpenetrates the medium will vary in intensity in direct proportion to thedensity of the medium and this medium, for one adaptation of theinvention, will be considered as a' frame of a translucent motionpicture film strip. Therefore, there issues from the opposite side of apencil swept frame a I reduced pencil of light fluctuating in strengthfrom the starting point of the sweeping motion to the finish spot on theframe. This reduced, fluctuating pencil which has sifted through theframe is a desired product.

An object of this invention is to pick up and use this fluctuatingpencil to do any of several functions.

While it is within the concept of this invention that the pencil may becontinuous in stream, from its source, to and from the picture it ishere disclosed and an object that the original beam of light, from itssource, is broken into a chopped stream of successive flashes of apredetermined cross-section area, and an object is to provide a methodand means relative to this art whereby the periodicity of the streamflashes may be varied in accordance with available frequencies ofelectrical carrier bands which are used in transmission of the modulatedpencil, after sifting through the picture, as later set forth.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide for the use of themodulated pencil flashes as a controller for the excitation of a lightsensitive instrumentality whereby the fluctuating pencil may betranslated into fluctuating electrical impulses in turn to betransmitted and used for various, desired purposes.

The invention is further a method and means for utilizing the generated,modulated and transmitted impulses in a receiver incorporating, in

one adaptation, a means to make a picture or a motion picture strip, inreplica, of the objective field picture from which the impulses weredominated; by the sifted light pencil.

Also, an object is to provide a method and means for so scanning orsweeping a given picture or subject as to obtain a good coverage of thefield for reproduction purposes either by direct transmission of theimpulses to a picture making receiver, or first to an impulse recorderand from it, as desired, to a picture making receiver.

It is an object, in a particular case, to provide a method and meanswhereby the impulses, controlled by a scanned picture frame at thescanning and impulse producing end of the apparatus,

for the reproduction from the received negative of a replica of theoriginal, objective picture.

Aside from making a picture by a receiver, directly receiving andoperative by the master impulses, means for recording the impulses forlater regeneration mechanically, electrically or otherwise, for productproducing function, the invention has for an object the adaptation ofthe impulses, original or reproduced, to the instant production of thereplica of the original directly onto a projection screen for optical.or manual observation.

Broadly, an object of the invention is to provide for an accomplish thewire or wire-less transmission of electrical impulses which aredifierentiated in power as determined by the intensity of successivelight fiashes in form of a train of pencils which are transmittedthrough a given medium, such as a picture film whose field isprogressively swept bythe train of pencils.

An object is to effect such transmission by employment of a motionpicture film strip for the master control of a photoelectric cellserving to control supply'of electric current to a suitable receiver.

An additional object is to provide a method and apparatus of utmostsimplicity and low cost for achieving the desired results, with economyand efficiency, with speed limited only by the frequency of the waveband allowed or used.

An object is to provide a sending, scanning or sweeping assembly adaptedto be installed between a conventional, focussed light source of fixedpower and a conventional motion picture'sound-track pick-up cell andamplifier unit or head, and to provide for use of the same type ofscanningassembly in an interposed position between any conventional,optical sound recording unit and a receiving, unexposed film strip forreception of incoming impulses emanating at the sending assembly.

Also, an object is to provide a scanning assembly including a senderpart having a line of dot-holes'to send successive pencils in a side byside relation and which part cooperates with a widt slot part orelement, and which said parts have a relative rotary motion forsuccessive presentation of pencils of light by sequential juxtapositionof the dot-holes to the width slot.

In this connection it is an object toprovide for the optical reductionof a scanning width slot to the desired scanning line of a given sizepicture or frame.

An object is to provide a preferred form of scanning device includingrelatively movable parts each of which has light passing slots ofsuitable length and height and which have such relative position that asone part moves as to the other the two slots cooperate to form a smallwindow or dot hole which shifts along the slots during part motion sothat a continuous light pencil may pass if so desired in contrast to thepassing of side by side pencils as will occur when a row of dot holes isused, as just above alluded to. Since the numberof successive pencils ina given time is determined by the permissible frequency of the carrierband the two partshavinglight slots as above mentioned are preferred forthe reason that an independent. light streamchopper, here provided, isthe'simpler device for change of the scanning set to meet: an availablecarrier current. V

It is an object to provide meansifor thecoverage of a given picture fromtop to bottom as Well as side wise, as just mentioned, and this includesprovision whereby the number of scanning lines per picture is determinedby a desired ratio of speed as between the travelling film strip, A

if used, and the speed of the preferably rotary part of the scanningassembly and hereinafter called the cylinder. That is to say the stripis operated at a desired speed of advance and the cylinder provided witha given number of spaced light slots, is speeded so that it will make agiven number of revolutions in the time that one picture frame passes afocal point of the optical width determinant which is, in the followingexposition, a reducer. The speed of the cylinder is determined'by theband frequency available.

The invention consists in an art as set forth in the ensuing disclosureand has, with the above, additional objects and advantages, and manyadvancements, as hereinafter developed, and whose several method stepsand the apparatus, and its construction, combinations, and details ofmeans, and the manner of operation, will be made manifest in thedescription of the method and the herein illustrative embodiments ofmeans; it being understood that modifications, variations, andadaptations may be resorted to within the scope, principle and spirit ofthe invention as it is more particularly claimed hereinbelow.

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a fragment of a motion picture film showing twocontiguous frames each havinga number of clear spaces and a number oflines, all spaces and all lines of equal height and the lines of oneframe being offset as to the lines of thenext frame so that if one frameis advanced to lap over the other, in frame register, the lines of onewill register with the spaces of the other and thus make a coverage ofthe picture area of one frame.

(In the drawings shading has no reference to color but is for contrast.)

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective showing a connected and magnifiedpair of frames having (arbitrarily) each seven, top to bottom, divisionsof lines and clear spaces; those of one frame offset (alternated in astrip of picture film) and the frame being partially overlapped to showregister of the lines (of exposure dots derived from a chopped pencil ofmodulated light.) of one frame with the spaces of the other frametoeffect. full coverage.

Fig. 3 illustrates a prime negative with frames formed of five (to aidillustration) divisions up and down, and the exposure lines of theframes relatively offset for full coverage if the contiguous frames areregistered, and this figure shows the negative as being. run with andfor translation into a lavendar print film strip.

Fig. 4 illustrates the finished lavendar print being run with and fortranslation into a first exposure area of a duplicate negative(hereinafter called the dupe) of a portion of each frame of the primenegative of Fig. 3; the black fields of the lavendar acting as a maskduring this first exposure of the dupe'frames.

Fig. 5 illustrates the reverse or uniform rewind of the lavendar print,hereafter called the lav, together with the partly exposed dupe to bringthe two strips backv to'the point of first frame exposure.

Fig. 6 illustrates the second running of the lav with the same dupe butwith the frames of the lav advanced one frame length as to the firstframe exposure step so that the offset picture (portion) of a pair ofconnected, contiguous lav frames will print into the space or area ofthe apparatus as adapted for making and transmitting image controlled,electric impulses.

Fig. 9 is an axial section, partly in plan, of the line sweeping rotarycylinder and synchro' nizing switch combination.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the impulse receiver and negativeexposing assembly.

Fig. 11 is a diagram of the combined translating and transmittingassembly and the receiver assembly.

Fig. 12 is a diagram of an impulse recorder for impulse reproductionservice.

Fig. 13 is a diagram of a modified form of line scanning cylinder withoblique rows of light passing holes.

Fig. 14 is perspective of a fragment of a rotary, line scanningreflector with a series of helical rows of oblique, individual pencilreflecting facets, for use in an aperture shell.

Fig. 15 is a perspective diagram showing a system in which the modulatedcurrent impulses are directly converted into a projected picture, withmeans to effect the composition of the alternate frame impulses into aninstant image.

Fig. 16 is a diagram showing a system in which the projecting means ofFig. 15 is reversely used as a camera for the recordation of the scannedarea of an objective on a record strip as a light track in combination,on the same track, of incidental sound track medium.

The translating sender The picture film P, to be translated, is advancedin a headbox 2 having a fixed shoe 3, in

- which, in transmission use, is a lens 4 f-ocussed 6 and focussed onthis is an optical, ratio reducer I of any appropriate type.

Light from any suitable source I0 is intercepted by a chopping disc II'having equal, annularly spaced slots I2 whence the light is delivered inthe form of rapidly-successive, wide flat bars of about oblongcross-section due to the shape of the slots I2.

The scanning or picture frame sweeping device includes a stationaryshell and a rotary member fitting therein and having an annular seriesof successive, transverse kerfs or slots to register with and uncover,in successive fractions, a coordinate slot straight across a bearingwall of the shell on which the rotary member runs in close contact; thekerfs being symmetrically helical in the said member to effectuate suchfractional shell slot uncoverage with the result that but a pencil oflight will pass from the shell slot or aperture and this will traversethe aperture from end to end.

The present adaptation shows a rotary cylinder I3 provided withperipheral, equally spaced, equal slots I2 which are symmetricallyhelical as to the cylinder axis. The cylinder I3 is closely fitted androtates in an outer shell I I and this is provided with a light apertureI5 which is parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The obliquity of thecylinder slots I2 is such that only a small part thereof will registerat one instant with the aperture I5. The number and the'pitch of theslots I2 is determined by the available frequency band and the speedofthe master picture film strip P.

It is above stated that the slots I2 are oblique or angular acrossthe'periphery of the cylinder I3, as between its axial extremities, andthe walls of the slots I2 are as thin as is practical to secure minimumchoke of light at the aperture I5.

In transmitting a picture of the size of a standard motion pictureframe, say .750 inch high, the film strip is moved at a practical rateof speed past the frame width window 6 of or at the feeder support3, andthe scanning or sweeping cylinder I3 will 'be moved at such higher speedas may provide an effective coverage of the frame from top to bottom,Orvice versa.

It will now be seen that there is here provided an optical means toreduce the widthof thebeam from the cylinder slots I2 to that of theframe width and the speeded cylinder I3 is a mechanical means for fixinga ratio of speed between the film strip motion so that desired linecoverage from top to bottom of picture is effected.

From the chopping disc II light passes to a lens I8 transmitting thelight as interrupted fiashes of wide section to a reflector device It!arranged in the axis of the cylinder, and held by a fixed mounting I9and in an oblique position whereby to reflect as a wide, brilliant flashtoward the shell aperture I5 which is covered by the cylinder I3 exceptfor a small area of one of the oblique slots I2 as each slot is carriedby the rotating cylinder I3 to the aperture I5. Rotation of the cylindercauses light-pencil forming area of the slots and the aperturecombination to sweep rapidly from one end of the straight and directlytransverse aperture I5 to the other and to pass onto a reflecting prismsurface 20 and thence upward to a reversing surface 2| tobe sent to thereducer I. It is to be understood that the pencil of light is here bentin this manner to adapt the method and apparatus for use in aconventional motion picture sound head of which the usual strip feederis employed.

Now this lateral shift of the pencil L of light traverses the pictureframe F from side to side in the form of a line of close dots, Fig. 2,in as close proximity as the carrier band will admit. A full or unbrokenline of sweep by the pencil L is contemplated within the purview of thisinvention..

In the present disclosure the picture strip feed means is so geared tothe aperture shutting cylinder I3 that one picture frame is firsttraversed by a given number of cross sweep lines, by the light pencil,as I, 3, 5, I, (for' example) on a negative N, Fig. 2, which lines arespaced, top to bottom, frame B, a distance equal to the height (orthickness) of each line; there being seven divisions of lines andspaces, in this example, on the picture field frames. When the firstmaster picture frame F Fig. 8, has been swept to cover the given numberof divisions, if the first line (compared to line I, Fig. 2) is in thefirst division, of say seven, then there will be made four lines ofpicture sweep by the pencil L, Fig. 8, and three intervening blanks (asspaces 2, 4, 6, Fig. 2, which represents a negative from such adivisioned picture which has been scanned and transmitted).

As the picture strip S is' running at a constant speed the nextsucceeding frame F2, Fig. 8, comes to the aperture slot 6 and the firstdivision, imaginary (as 8 of. Fig. 2), will be a blank followed by-alinesweptiacross-the frameFl and so on untilthis frame has been swept by thepencil L in-:three lines leavinggfourblanks (Fig. 2)as,pictur.e.li-nes9, II I3. and;blanks 8, I0, I2, I4.

Thus the strip S has been used as a sifter for the-strong; pencil L-oflight through a pair of connected, adjacent frames ;F and F2 of thestrip'with -the. result-that .the pencil is sifted as bright, medium: ordinnindirect accordance with the .densityof: the: picture emulsion ofthe-scanned frames. This modification .or-modulation of the strength of.th81DBHCi1 L is transmitted to the photoelectric.=.cell '5, .or; itsequivalent, and by this allmodulatedzelectric current is. established inthe-sender: circuit .5. and suitablvamplified.

.Thiscurrentlisimthe form of successive impulses ofafrequencydetermined, in this adaptation, by the speed; of,;. and. numberof windows I2 inthechopping discil I,.or its. equivalent, inthetranslatingand'sendingrapparatus. The frequencies-lof the chopped lightare, in .the first instance, governed byathe carrier iband.

Reference hasjustibriefly'been made to the divisions of lines and spaces.(or blanks) I to I on frame'B, and divisions .8 to 1:4,. on frame A.These are the product of the'conversion' of the received, modulatedimpulses, at a-receiver, into a' photographic negative N. Having, atthesender, provided for andproducing a number of-electric impulses by thecontinuous advance of the frame F Fig. 8, in synchronism with thelateral sweepof the pencil L of-light-at the sweeping slot-B-to coverthe frame-with a desirednumber of spaced,-sweeping lines to latereffectthe exposure of negativeframeB, Fig. 2, by an identic number'ofexposure lines (as on the seven division basis-usedmerely for easyillustration), and by the chopping-of the pencil L by the chopper II,tosecure frequency of impulses, it-will be ob- -viousthat only a half,more or' less,-of a master picture frame F will develop on the relativenegative frame 3- (at the receiver later described) and it will beclearthatthe picture lines 9, II and I3 of negative frame A willbe exactlyalternatewith thepicturelines I, 3, 5, I, of the leader frame B;these'frames forminga related pair for purpose of disclosure only.

Fig. Zillustrates that-if the frames 'A and B are-transversely folded ontheir connecting line then thepicture lines I, 3, 5,1, of the frameB-willregister with the blanks-8, I0, I2, I4 of the frame A andmake afull= picture fieldcoverage, but, of course, not in correctpicturemakeup. -I-n chopped pencil impulse transmission a smallblankarea'would occur-between the picture spots along the picture linesacross the frame.

The above disclosure is of one method for obtaininga full or-nearly fullcoverage print from a series of image-controlled impulses from a motionpicture strip S toa negative film where such negative is the productdesired by the use of the modulated-current of successive impulses.

The receiver Referring to Fig. 1 .0, .the wired-circuit 5', .ifusedffrom the sender. of'FiggB, iscQnnected to anyfdesired amplifier AMand the received and amplified,picture-sifted, light governed currentistransmittedto anysuitable light valve .V whence fluctuating'light ispassed to. a'reflecting device -I9 arranged tospreadithe light onto theinterior face. of a-rotar-y cylinder I3 having narrow,

spaced light slots I2, helical irr the cylinder. and of: a length'touncover, in successive portions, a

directly transverse, coordinate aperture I5 in-a fixed shell I4 in thereceiver box, or housing R. The master-picture-controlled pencil X oflight from the valve V is passed, in this adaptation, to andfrom areflectorZll' to a pencil reducer I thence to an exposure line of anunexposed, negative-making, film strip N. The rotary cylinder I3 causesthe light X to sweep laterally in spotted lines in synchronism with thesender action and the strip N is advanced in synchronism with the feedofthe master picture frames F and F2, and so on, so thatjust as thepicture frames are divided into say fourteen equal divisions so is thenegative frame exposed on the basis of fourteen divisions; with thepicture lines of the frame B, Fig. 2. alternated as .to those of theframe A and all'equally spaced and'of equal height.

Synchronization of senders and receivers The cylinder I3 of Fig. 8 isfixed on a shaft 25 having agear 26 meshed with a driver 21 which isapart of agear system driving the picture strip S. On the shaft 25 isfixed a wheel 28 having a contact plate 29 to be intermittently engagedonce in each revolution by switch bars 333I of a circuit 32 which isexcitedperiodically in rhythm with the rotation of the cylinder I3. Theexcitation of the circuit 32 is used in any desired manner'appropriateto the function, to transmit a receivable and discernable signal to thereceiving set R so that its attendant may place phases'of a motor of thereceiver in time with those-of a motor of the sender T and therebysynchronize the operation of the rotary cylinder I3 with that of thesending transmitter T.

'It will-be understood that many receivers R will'be 'able to pick upthe picture-controlled, light-valve impulses from one translating andtransmitting station.

Fig. 10 shows the circuit 32 as including a signal device, say a lamp33, set in the receiver R. in contiguity with a like device 34 of asynchronizing circuit 35 having a. switch 36 closing on a contact plate31 of a wheel 38 fixed to a shaft 39 of the receiver cylinder I3. Theattendant of the receiver. observing the flashesof the two devices 3334will operate a phase timer 40 of a motor 4| which drivesthe gear trainof the receiver, until it phases in synchronism with the sender motor42,.Fig. 11.

A feature of this invention is that the motor 42-is provided with areduction gear system enabling the shaft of the cylinder I3 to berotated in a given ratio of motor speed as will be determined to'permitthe sending attendant to utilize sucha carrier frequency band as may beavailable to him at one or another locale of an event of which a motionpicture has been made and is to be translated and transmitted in thesaid governed impulses of current. Such carrier band determines thenumber of ,light flashes in a pencil stream as, cut by'the geared-inchopping, rotary disc. I I.

Impulse negative, lavender positive and duplicate negative and positiveprints Fig. 1 is merely a diagram to show closely spaced. lines of anexposed pair of contiguous frames A-andB with the lines of one frameoffset as to those of the next to effect a full coverage if the framesare superposed as suggested in Fig. 2,-where there is, for illustration,a hypothetical division o'f'each frame intosevendivisions from toprtobottom with picture lines I, 3, 5, I, of frameB. alternated Withthepicture lines 9, I I, I3

of the frame A. The lapped frames would show a full coverage of thefield of either frame if the lines were themselves solid, that is, notderived from intermittent impulse current.

For practical illustration, Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive, show frames of anegative (exposed by the instant method and apparatus) and a lavenderpositive, and a dupe negative as all having fivesections from top tobottom of each frame. The pair of frames B and- A of a negative N, Fig.3, have their divisions marked l to H1, in two frames, and frame B shows(developed) two spaced line picture parts 2 and 4, say of a gray bar ona white field. Frame A shows by line 8 the residue of the bar becausethe rate of film speed as to the exposure shutter cylinder I3 is suchthat so long as the frames are imaginarily divided into a like number ofsections then, with a given number of light slots [2 in cylinder l3,

there will be made a series of spaced exposures on each frame and thesewill be in one-space or division offset relation in succession for thefull length. The ten division basisof Fig. 3 well indicates suchconstant spacing. and is used only for illustration of the printingprocess.

If the master picture film was" exposed on a still subject no changeinsuccessive frame pictures is seen. If the master picture is of a motionsubject then the successive frames will vary as determined by the speedof the subject (and of the film). I Fig. 3 is of a subject in motion butmotion change is not discernible, ordinarily, by the human eye incontiguous frames during normal projection speed. 7 i

Given an impulse-current, translated negative strip as of Fig. 3, thenext step isto make a contact exposure to producea lav. print orpositive strip LP in which the bar. shows clear and the field, forwhite, is. black. Next, this lavstrip is run withanunexposed film stripDNto make-a first exposure which will. produce (developed) the dark partfor the bar, relative to the frames B and A carried through the lav.print from the negative N, and the Whitefield will show in the relativedupe frames. In this first exposure the black part of the lav masked thedupe negative DN and protected that area from exposure.

Now the two film' LP and DN are re-wound that is reverse wound back totheir reels and at this time the lav LP. is stepped ahead one fullframe, that is, theframe B2 is caused to lap the exposed frameA of thelav LP and in such position the masking black of the lav LP covers thefirst exposed emulsion whilst the clear picture of frame B2 will be inexposing relation to that partof frame A Fig. 6, not exposed in Fig. 4.Fig. 6 shows the fully exposed frame obtained by the first exposure ofFig. 4 and the second exposure of Fig. 6.

When the full area of the successive frames of the lav LP of Fig. 6 havebeen exposed by the second run of the dupe with the lav in the advancedposition of the lav the exposed dupe DN is developed and fixed and asmany positive prints PP, Fig. 7, may be made as is desired, and willshow the gray bar on a White field. The change of the position of thestrips by one frame height is too small to effect the projection-pictureuse of the ultimate positive PP. I

electric impulses of a receivable nature, a further advance is to passsuch impulses into a recording machine having an electrically controlledrecording means, a stylus ST, Fig. 12, for instance. By such a machinean eiiicient record RE is produced and it may be used at any time at anyinstitution having a means to translate the record back into electricimpulses for use in a manner above set forth or as may be desired.

Thus the invention provides for the change of film speed to translatethe light frequencies of an image, in their variable strengths, intoelectrical impulses and to control these impulses so that they can betransmitted on different carrier bands: for instance to transmit overordinary telephone line current of approximately 3,000 frequency bycontrolling the speed of. the motion picture film being light swept andallowing a frequency of only 2,000 for the carrier band. It provides fortransmission over long distance wired line with a higher frequency ofapproximately 5,000 by increasing the speed of the film being pencilswept so as to increase the impulse frequencies and in that way the linetime. It enables impulse recordation on a phonograph or other suitablerecord device which requires up to 9,000 frequencies, by speeding up thefilm advance to acquire that rate of impulse flow.

The invention provides means to obtain as much detail as possible of animage with as small a frequency band as possible. The optical and themechanical scanning attachment offsets the scanned areas from oneanother by alternating or interlacing the parallel scanning lines inalternate frames and also the horizontal, scanned areas. Thus onlyone-half of'the area ofeach motion picture frame is actually pencilswept thereby requiring only one-half, of the amount of carrierfrequencies, the following frame using the other half and so on in thefilm series.

After the receiving emulsion film strip has been exposed and developed,the film, if a positive reception, or aprint of it, if the exposed stripmakes anegative, may be run at thirty-two frames a second and thepersistence of vision of the image will be effective to establish asatisfactory mental picture: at this speed two successive frames withsaid alternate lines of scanning will make a good composite picture tothe eye of the observer.

The present apparatus and method are of use for the making of news reelsas next explained. A camera-man may be at the location of an event ofnotice and may take a motion picture of it. With the developed pictureand having a sender of this invention, and having any type of Vtelephone line, or short wave radio, or other means of electricalcommunication available, after ascertaining the carrier band of thesystem, may set the sender or transmitter at a speed equivalent to thecarrier band so as not to exceed its frequency. He may then contact asmany agencies as desired having suitable receiving apparatus, and thenproceed to transmit the picture controlled current impulses. At thereceiving stations an emulsion strip will be example the scanning of a16 mm. frame, which is .380 by .284 inches in area. A 60-line pictureframe would requir 664 pencil light flash dots altogether and for clearprojection would have to be run at 16 frames per second, requiring10,324 dots or scanned areas per second to be converted into a likenumber of picture modulated current impulses (frequencies) per second.By using well known types of receivers and amplifiers it is possible toproduce up to 20,000 frequencies. Therefore by using only 10,324-frequencies, well under the carrier band, there is also room for sound;which requires approximately 8,000 frequencies. In reproducing, at areceiver, two pick-up needles are used to obtain the optical effectoffset and to reproduce a picture of 120 line coverage. To accomplishthis one needle is place one picture frame behind the other and isoperated through a separate amplifier unit; each needle controlling asuitable light valve or other adaptable instrument. By matched opticalsystems these two light sources, controlled by the offset frame needles,may be registered optically on a screen. The optical rays aredistributed in their respective positions by mechanical means insynchronism thereby producing a composite image on the screen andhavingfin appearance, 120-line coverage and which may be of differentsizes, depending on the throw and the optical means used.

A system is shown in Fig. in which modulated-current impulses (derivedfrom alternate, master picture frames) are sent to a pair-of lightvalves V focussed on respective, coaxial, right hand and left hand pitchhelical reflectors l9 fixed on a shaft 50 having a pinion 5| whichdrives a larger gear 52 on and for suitable decrement in speed of ashaft '53 The shaft 53' has suitable cams 54,. one 'for each ofsynchronously oscillating, respective reflectors 55 which are focussedby respective lenses (one only shown) onto a projectingscreen PS. Thereflectors l9 are timed to rotate a given number of times to onerevolution of the shaft 53 so that in one revolution of reflectors l9 apencil of light, from each, is swept across each reflector55, thence tolenses 56; the cams 54 acting to tilt the reflectors 55 at a .givenspeed to change the line of sweep progressively from top to bottom ofthe respective reflectors 55 so that their faces are swept line by line;the one in alternate coverage as to the other, the lines of sweep oneach being spaced, as for example in Fig. 1. 'One reflector 19 acts toproject light lines relative to impulses from one picture frame, A, Fig.1, whilst the other reflector l9 acts as to impulses from frame B, toobtain full image field effect: that is, the composition of thetwo-pibture-frame train of impulses into a composite picture thusdirectly produced on the projection screenPS. This system providesapparatus and means for the instantaneous conversion ofpicture-currentimcorder SR having a microphone M at the object scene 0, say of agunnery target, which is viewed by the camera systems 55 synchronouslywith the exposure of the strip SP to the light pencils from standardsound record sets SR, one of which is connected to each amplifier AM ofa convertor train from respective lenses 55.

Instead of a light chopping disc II the light from the source I0, Fig.8, may be cut into flashes by a cylinder l3 Fig. 13 having oblique linesof holes 12 which holes successively, along their lines, register withthe aperture l5, when adapted in such a combination, and the successivelines of holes being in staggered relation so that the holes of one lineof scan will register with the blind spots between the holes of the nextpreceding line, to effect field coverage.

Successive flash pencils may also be obtained by the use of a cylinderhaving a plurality of rows, of helical form, of individual reflectors I9set at a angle to the axis of the cylinder [9, Fig. 14 and in such aposition, when adapted in a rotary cylinder 13', Fig. 1, as tosuccessively cast a pencil of light L toward the aperture I5 of theshell M.

The system of Fig. 15 involves an oscillatin reflector 55. To make acomposite projected picture, from a picture-frame dominated electriccurrent, it is understood that two sets of reflectors will becoordinated (as in Fig. 15) to compose current impulse pencils of lightas from alternate picture frame lines (Fig. 1).

What is claimed is:

1. In a system of the class set forth, light beam controlling meansincluding a source of light, a cylindrically bored shell part having alight slot through its bore wall and a barrel part movably fitting inand close to the shell and having in its cylinder wall a series of lightslots; the shell and the barrel being relatively movable and the slotsof one part being angular as to the slot of the other and cooperatingtherewith to pulses into a projected image without the indirect mediumof the positive print PP of Fig. 7.

The system of Fig..15 may be reversely used as a camera, and by it anobject viewed may be used to modulate electric circuits includingphotoelectric cells 5 (one shown) or their equivalents, Fig. 16. In thisadaptation an object O is viewed by two lens sets 56 each focussed on areflector (paired as in Fig. 15) and each sending an image light beam toits respective, rotary reflector l9 (one shown). Each rotary reflectorl9 deflects the image light to a rotary chopper H and thence to its cell5 Whose current is amplified by amplifier AM for adaptable use. Pluralconverting sets, as form lenses 56 are for the purpose of object fieldcoverage. by alternateline scan. This adaptation enables thesimultaneous making of conventional sound track or sound record ST on afilm strip SP, of narrow dimension, say 16 mm. by a standard soundreform a travelling light aperture for light from said source to theexterior of the shell.

2. In a system of the class described, a source of light, a cylindricshell having a light slot parallel to its axis, a barrel fittingturnably in the shell and receiving light from said source and havingoblique slots to pass it to the shell slot; said means and the shellslot cooperative to emit the light as a laterally sweeping pencil.

3. Apparatus of the class described and including a modulated currentreceiving means for concurrently projecting beams of light to a mediumand including a plurality of current motivated, light valves, timecoordinated helical reflectors to which the beams are respectivelydirected and which function to project the beams in sweeping action,second plane reflectors having timed motion coordinated with the firstreflectors, and means focussing the light from the second reflectors atone time onto different spots on the said medium.

4. Apparatus of the class described and including means to produce arecord by concurrent use of a plurality of modulated light beamstranslated from a common viewed object and including lenses to focus onthe object at one time, light valves, joined helical reflectors .passingconstant axis beams from the lenses to the light valves, and meanscontrolled by the said valves for impressing the desired record of lightfrom the lens-es onto a record medium.

5. In a system of the class described; lenses for viewing a commonobjective, reflectors onto which the lenses focus light from theobjective, second reflectors receiving light from the objectivereflectors and arranged to project difierent light pencils from theobjective, means to motivate the objective reflectors so as toconcurrently send light from the objective lenses to the secondreflectors, light sensitive current control devices, one for each secondreflector, said second reflectors operative to send pencils of light tosaid devices, and choppers for cutting the light pencils coming from thesecond reflectors.

6. In a system of the class described; a coaxial pair of right and lefthand pitch helices rigidly connected for co-rotation unidirectionallyand having reflective side faces, means for casting pencils of lightwhich are parallel to the helix axis onto faces of the helices from eachof which they are cast in parallel lines all in a common plane, one lineat a time from each helix; second, plane reflectors to receive theparallel shifting pencils from respective helices and the planereflectors being set to interlace the relative groups of pencils fromthe helices, and focussing means having a common focussing plane forreceiving and transmitting the pencils of lightrfrom the secondreflectors.

7. The system of claim 5 the first named reflectors being synchronizedwith the second reflectors.

KARL ROBERT HOYT.

